① forged Alloy steel to ASI444 GRADE 4140 如何准確翻譯那個ASI444是不是少了個I應該是AISI444
AISI444是美國的標准，4140對應JIS是SCM440/440H對應DIN的標準是42 Cr Mo 4
② 再次求 機械英語帝 翻譯！！！ 要求語句通順
【累死哥哥了，苦勞啊 】
FIGURE9.4
Reversing two-high roughing mill (American Iron & Steel institute)
可逆式二輥粗軋機（美國鋼鐵協會）
FIGURE9.5
Operator at console of reversing two-high roughing mil (Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel Corporation)
可逆式二輥粗軋機控制台操作（伯利恆鋼鐵公司提供）
FIGURE9.6
which can be drilled.
哪些能被鑽孔。？
heated. or welded without such complications as work hardening.
加熱。或者焊接，這種方法沒有加工硬化的問題。？
embrittlement. or cracking.
脆變。或者開裂？
【不知所雲】
Blooms are sometimes further reced in size to billets mills(Figure 9.8)before being processed into finished procts such as bar and rod stock .
在被處理成塊狀、棒狀坯這樣的製成品之前，大鋼坯有時還進一步縮小尺寸以適應鋼坯處理設備。
Bar and rod (from which wire is made) can be made of either low-carbon steel or higher-carbon and alloy steel.
塊狀、棒狀坯（鋼絲就是由它們製造的）能被製成低碳鋼或者高碳合金鋼。
As the ingot is carried through the massive rolls the hot, plastic steel is squeezed to a smaller thickness .
當方坯通過大型軋制機，熱的、可塑的鋼被擠壓得更薄。
The rolls are brought closer together on each pass, causing the ingot to get longer and thinner as it passes between the rolls (Figure9.9).
由於軋輥之間距離如此之近，當方坯經過軋輥之間時變得更長更薄。
Rolled shapes become quite long and must be cut to standard customer-length (Figure9.10).
軋制後的形狀變得十分長，必須被剪成標準的定長。
Different configurations of the rolling mills include two-high, three-high , four-high, cluster mill, and tandem rolling mill.
不同構造的軋機包括二輥式，三輥式，四輥式，多輥式以及連軋式。
The two-high rolling mill can be used for recing the stock by reverse action;
二輥式軋機通過往復動作縮減坯料。
however, because of the large inertia of the rolls it requires a complex mechanism for reversing direction of rotation.
然而，由於巨大的軋機慣性，它需要復雜的機械裝置使轉動方向可逆轉。
The three-high rolling mill has the advantage over the two-high mill that the direction of rotation of rolls does not have to be reversed.
三輥式軋機相比二輥式的優點是軋機轉動方向不必可逆。
In one pass, stock is passed between the top two rolls,
工作過程是這樣的：坯料通過上面的兩部軋機，
then the stock is lowered and passed between the lower two rolls, after which it is lifted and the operation is repeated (Figure9.9).
然後，坯料被降低位置通過更低的兩部軋機，當它被再次升起，重復前面的操作。
The only disadvantage of this configuration is that it requires an expensive handling system.
這種構造唯一的不足是需要一種昂貴的傳動系統。
Four-high(Figure9.9 and 9.11) and cluster mills (Figure9.9) use rolls of small diameter to rece the dimension of the stock, since smaller-diameter rolls require less energy and force for the same effect…….
四輥式和多輥式使用更小直徑的軋輥以減少坯料尺寸，因為更小直徑的軋輥能耗更低。
FIGURE9.7
Structural steel and rails are rolled from blooms or ingots.
結構鋼和鋼軌由大鋼坯或方坯軋制而成。
Standard shapes are proced on mills equipped with grooved rolls.
標准形狀由裝備槽形軋輥的機器生產
Wide-flange sections are rolled on mills that have ungrooved horizontal and vertical rolls (American Iron & Steel Institude).
寬法蘭節由具有非槽形的水平軋輥以及垂直軋輥的軋機軋制（美國鋼鐵協會）
FIGURE9.8
Steel billet emerges from 35-in, blooming mill.
來自35英寸初軋機出口的鋼坯。
The billet has been rolled from an ingot.
鋼坯由方坯軋制而成。
The proct of this mill will eventually be made into bars.
這些產品最終將製成條、塊。
Dials on the two-stand mill indicate size of billet being rolled.
雙機架軋機表盤指示正被軋制的鋼坯尺寸。
Alloy and tool steel ingots are processed in this particular mill (Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel Corporation)
合金工具鋼方坯由特殊機器設備處理（伯利恆鋼鐵公司提供）
FIGURE9.9
Diagrams demonstrating various arrangements of rolls and rolling proceres used in steel mills.
圖表所示為各種軋制方式和在鋼廠中使用的軋制規程
Operation under extreme heat and pressure, rolls must frequently be changed,
由於運行在極端高溫和高壓下，軋輥必須被經常更換。
and a supply of new or new or refinished mill rolls is always maintained from the mill`s own machine shop (American Iron & Steel Insitute)
軋輥更新或者表面整修定期由鋼廠自己的機械維修廠進行。