A. 鐩楃増闆緋曢兘浣撶幇鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紵
浠ュ亣涔辯湡"鐨5縐嶅北瀵ㄩ洩緋曪紝涓庣湡鐨勪粎涓瀛椾箣宸錛岀綉鍙嬶細鎮曟垜鐪兼嫏
涓鎻愬埌澶忓ｏ紝鏈鍏堟兂鍒扮殑涓瀹氭槸鐐庣値澶忔棩錛岀劧鑰屽湪榪欎釜鏃跺欓洩緋曞氨鏄懼緱灝や負閲嶈侊紝涓鍒板忓ぉ錛屽晢搴楃殑瓚呭競閲岄潰鎽嗘弧浜嗗悇寮忓悇鏍風殑闆緋曪紝鍙ｅ懗浼楀氥備絾鏄錛岄殢鐫闆緋曠殑閿閲忚秺鏉ヨ秺濂斤紝鎬繪湁涓浜涗笉鑹鍟嗗跺埄鐢ㄤ竴浜涘搧鐗屾潵鍋氳惀閿錛屼粠鑰岃揪鍒拌嚜宸遍攢鍞鐨勭洰鐨勩備互涓嬭繖5縐"浠ュ亣涔辯湡"鐨勫北瀵ㄩ洩緋曪紝涓庣湡鐨勫彧鏈変竴瀛椾箣宸錛岀綉鍙嬶細鎮曟垜鐪兼嫏錛
絎1涓鏄澶х櫧鍏旈洩緋曘傚逛簬澶х櫧鍏旇繖涓鍝佺墝鍙鑳藉ぇ閮ㄥ垎浜洪兘涓嶉檶鐢燂紝韜涓烘瘡涓涓瀛╁瓙鐨勭ュ勾鍥炲繂錛岃繖涔堝氬勾浠ユ潵瀹冪殑閿閲忎粛鐒跺眳楂樹笉涓嬨備絾鏄鍚冧簡榪欎箞澶氬勾鍗翠粠鏉ユ病鏈夊彂鐜拌繖涓鍝佺墝鍑轟簡闆緋曪紝鐚涗竴鐪嬫棤璁烘槸鍖呰呰繕鏄鍥炬堥兘涓妯′竴鏍鳳紝鎷垮嚭鏉ヤ粩緇嗕竴鐪嬬灛闂村偦鐪間簡錛屼笉鏄澶х櫧鍏旈洩緋曪紝鑰屾槸鍏鐧藉厰闆緋曪紝浠呬粎鍙鏈変竴瀛椾箣宸錛屼絾鍗磋╁緢澶氫漢閮戒俊浠ヤ負鐪熴
絎2涓鏄涓夎壊鏉銆傝韓涓轟竴涓90鍚庯紝涓夎壊鏉瀹屽叏灝辨槸絝ュ勾鐨勫洖蹇嗭紝涓涓浜旀瘺閽憋紝璺熼偅浜涜姳鍝ㄧ殑闆緋曟瘮璧鋒潵錛屼笁鑹叉澂鐨勬湸瀹炲拰鍛抽亾鏇村姞鎷涗漢鍠滄銆傝櫧鐒剁粡甯稿悆涓夎壊鏉錛屼絾鏄鏈変竴涓緇嗚妭鍙鑳藉緢澶氫漢閮芥病娉ㄦ剰錛岄偅灝辨槸瀹冪殑棰滆壊錛屼竴鍏辨湁涓変釜棰滆壊錛屽垎鍒鏄鍜栧暋鑹層佺櫧鑹層佹貳榛勮壊錛屼絾鏄鏂板嚭鐨勭洍鐗堜笁鑹查洩緋曞綋涓錛屼笁涓棰滆壊鍗存槸鍜栧暋鑹層佺櫧鑹層佺矇鑹層傜敱姝ゅ彲瑙侊紝鏂板嚭鐨勪笁鑹查洩緋曞苟闈炴槸鎴戜滑鏇劇粡絝ュ勾鐨勫洖蹇嗭紝涓嶄粩緇嗙湅鐪熶笉涓瀹氳兘鍙戠幇銆
絎3涓鏄鑰佸啺媯嶃傚悆榪囪佸啺媯嶇殑浜洪兘鐭ラ亾錛屽畠鐨勫寘瑁呴潪甯哥畝鍗曪紝闆緋曚篃寰堟湸緔狅紝灝辨槸綆鍗曠殑鐧借壊錛屼換浣曟坊鍔犲墏閮芥病鏈夛紝浣嗘槸鍛抽亾闈炲父濂藉悆錛岃繕瑙ｆ復錛屾繁鍙椾紬浜哄枩鐖便傚畠鐨勭洍鐗堥洩緋曠湅璧鋒潵璺熻佸啺媯嶄竴妯′竴鏍鳳紝鐢氳嚦灝辮繛鍛抽亾閮藉樊涓嶅氾紝浣嗚佹槸浠旂粏涓鐪嬪氨浼氬彂鐜幫紝鐩楃増闆緋曠殑鍚嶅瓧鏄鑰佸厜媯嶏紝騫墮潪鑰佸啺媯嶏紝涓婇潰鐨勫浘妗堜篃鏄涓嶄竴鏍風殑銆
絎4涓鏄鍐板伐鍘傘傛彁璧風ュ勾鍥炲繂錛屽啺宸ュ巶鑷鐒朵篃鏄蹇呬笉鍙灝戠殑錛屽彛鍛充紬澶氾紝鍏朵腑鍗拌薄鏈娣辯殑灝辨槸钃濊帗鍛籌紝鍚冭搗鏉ュ彛鎰熼吀鐢滐紝鐒惰屽啺宸ュ巶鍗翠篃娌℃湁閫冭劚鎺夎鎶勮鐨勫懡榪愶紝鏂板嚭鐨勫啺鏋滃巶錛屽畬鍏ㄥ氨鏄鎸夌収鍐板伐鍘傜殑妯℃牱鍒涢犵殑錛岀綉鍙嬶細鎮曟垜鐪兼嫏銆
絎5涓鏄鍙鐖卞氥傝韓涓哄す蹇冮洩緋曠殑榧葷栵紝鍙鐖卞氬繀欏諱笂姒滐紝澶栭潰涓灞傚閥鍏嬪姏錛岄噷闈㈡槸姘存灉鍛崇殑闆緋曪紝璁╀漢鐖變笉閲婂彛銆傜洍鐗堢殑鍙鐖卞氬悕涓哄氬彲鐖憋紝涓嶄粎鍖呰呭傚嚭涓杈欙紝灝辮繛鍙ｅ懗閮芥槸涓鏍風殑錛屼笉浠旂粏鐪嬬湡涓嶅規槗鍙戠幇銆
鍥犳わ紝濡傛灉鎯寵佸洖鍛崇粡鍏革紝閭ｄ竴瀹氳佹摝浜鐪肩潧鍝︺
B. 浠婂忓ぇ鐧藉厰闆緋曠敤浠涔堟牱鐨勭敎搴︼紝鍠備綘瑙ｆ殤闄嶆俯鍛
澶忓ぉ鐪熷疄鐨勫懗閬擄紝瑕佺粡鍘嗚繃姊呴洦瀛ｈ妭錛岄椃鐑鐨勪笁浼忓ぉ浼氶殢涔嬭屾潵錛屾俯搴︾殑涓婂崌璁╄韓浣撶殑姣忓告睏鑵洪兘鎵撳紑錛屾睏姘村湪涓嶇煡涓嶈変腑璺戝嚭錛屾墍璋撯滃皬鏆戔濅竴鍒幫紝絳変笁渚銆傝В鏆戞竻鍑変箣椋燂紝鍒欐槸鍖栬В韜浣撴箍鐑鐨勫繀澶囦箣鐗┿傛潵涓浠藉啺鍑夌殑闆緋曪紝椹辨暎浣撹〃鐨勯珮娓╋紝鐣欎笅娓呭噳鐨勬粙鍛籌紝鐢滆湝涓鏁翠釜澶忓ぉ銆
浠婂忛亣瑙佲滃ぇ鐧藉厰闆緋曗濇棤褰涓璁╂垜鐪煎墠涓浜錛屽畠鏈変粈涔堢壒鍒鍚椼傝佽磋搗鈥滃ぇ鐧藉厰鈥濇槸涓撻棬鐢熶駭濂剁硸鐨勫浗瀛楀彿鑰佺墝椋熷搧錛屼竴鐩村箍鍙椾漢浠鐨勮拷鎹у拰鍠滅埍錛岃繙榪戦椈鍚嶉攢寰涓栫晫銆傝屼粖澶х櫧鍏旈洩緋曚笂甯備笉涔咃紝榪樻槸涓浠舵柊娼浜у搧銆
澶х櫧鍏斿ザ緋栵紝鏄鈥滃浗姘戝ザ緋栤濈殑浠ｈ〃銆傚ぇ澶氭暟涓鍥戒漢閮借繕娓呮櫚璁板緱錛屼竴寮犲皬灝忕殑綰㈣摑鐧戒笁鑹茬硸綰鎬笂錛屽嵃鐫鐨勬槸鍙澶х櫧鍏旓紝閲岄潰鏄鍖呰９鐫緋栬。鐨勫ザ緋栥傚嵆浣挎槸涓嶇埍鍚冪硸鐨勪漢錛屾亹鎬曚篃涓嶄細蹇樿扳滃ぇ鐧藉厰濂剁硸鈥濈殑瀛樺湪銆傚湪閭ｆ椂鍚冨墿鐨勭硸綰鎬篃涓嶆浘涓㈠純錛屽仛鎴愬皬綰鎬漢錛屼篃鎴愪負瀛╁瓙浠娓告垙閲岀殑涔愯叮銆
鈥滃ぇ鐧藉厰鈥濅笉鐭ユ槸澶氬皯浠ｅ浗浜虹ュ勾騫哥忕殑鍥炲繂銆傚畠璇炵敓浜1959騫粹斺斾腑鍗庝漢姘戝叡鍜屽浗寤哄浗鍗佸懆騫達紝褰撳勾錛屸滃ぇ鐧藉厰鈥濆ザ緋栦篃鎴愪負寤哄浗鍗佸懆騫寸殑鐚紺間駭鍝併傝繖涓騫存槸鐗規畩鏃舵湡錛屼笁騫磋嚜鐒剁伨瀹崇殑寮濮嬶紝鍦ㄧ墿璐ㄥ尞涔忕殑騫翠唬閲岋紝瀹冩樉寰楁牸澶栫弽璐碉紝涔熸槸鏃犳暟60鍚庛70鍚庡効鏃舵渶緹庡ソ鐨勮板繂銆傚ぇ鐧藉厰浣滀負涓鍥芥渶鐭ュ悕鏈鍙椾漢浠鍠滅埍鐨勭硸鏋滐紝闄浼翠簡鏃犳暟浜哄害榪囦簡浠栦滑鐨勭ュ勾鈥斺旀渶鍒濅漢浠鍥犲叾棣欓唶鐨勫ザ鍛充笌綆鍗曞ソ璁板悕瀛楄岃頒綇瀹冦
闅忕潃澶х櫧鍏旂揣璺熺潃鏃朵唬錛岃╁╁瓙鍚冨ぇ鐧藉厰鏄涓嶅彲鎴栫己鐨勪簨銆傚ぇ鐧藉厰濂剁硸涓嶄粎鏄涓鍥界殑鍝佺墝錛岃屼笖浜у搧鏇存槸榪滈攢嫻峰40澶氬浗瀹跺強鍦板尯錛屾垚涓哄浗闄呭競鍦轟笂緇忎箙涓嶈「鐨勫ぇ浼楀疇鍎褲傚湪璁稿氱粡鍏哥殑鐢佃嗗墽鍜岀數褰遍噷閮藉嚭鐜頒簡澶х櫧鍏旂殑韜褰憋紝濡傦細鐢靛獎銆婁笁宄″ソ浜恆嬨併婄敓姝葷綏甯冩硦銆嬨併婇挗閾佸勾浠ｃ嬨併婂北妤傛爲涔嬫亱銆嬨併婂悓妗岀殑浣犮嬬瓑鍥藉唴浼楀氬獎瑙嗗墽閲屻
鐢辨ゅ彲瑙侊紝浣滀負鍥藉唴鑰佸搧鐗岀殑澶х櫧鍏斿ザ緋栧彲浠ヨ存槸鍥戒漢蹇冧腑鐨勨滃浗姘戝ザ緋栤濓紝涓棰楀皬灝忕殑濂剁硸錛屽寘瑁圭潃璁稿氫漢絝ュ勾鐨勮板繂錛屽搧鍛沖瑰垢紱忕敓媧葷殑鐑鐖變笌瀵規湭鏉ョ殑緹庡ソ鐨勬湡鐩箋
鎵浠ワ紝澶х櫧鍏旈洩緋曠殑鍒版潵錛屽懠鍞よ搗澶у跺瑰効鏃跺洖蹇嗙殑鍏遍福錛屾垜涔熷圭溂鍓嶈繖涓闆緋曚駭鐢熶簡嫻撴祿鐨勬儏鎰忋
褰撲竴鏍峰ソ涓滆タ鐨勫瓨鍦錛岄棶瀹冭兘甯︽潵浠涔堬紝緇欎綘涓嶅敖鐨勫悜寰錛屾湁鐫鍚戝線蹇呯劧浼氬幓鑻﹁嫤榪藉伙紝瀵繪壘涓嶅埌浼氳嚜奼傘
鏈夊叧甯傚満涓婃祦琛岃繃澶氭鋸滃ぇ鐧藉厰椋庡懗鍐版穱娣嬧濓紝鏇存湁閽熺埍澶х櫧鍏斿ザ緋栫殑娑堣垂鑰呰嚜鍒跺ぇ鐧藉厰鍐版穱娣嬶紝鐢氳嚦鍦ㄥ浗澶栦篃鏈夊ぇ鐧藉厰椋庡懗鍐版穱娣嬪嚭鐜拌繃銆傚彲瑙佸ぇ鐧藉厰鍦ㄤ漢浠蹇冧腑鐨勫湴浣嶆槸澶氫箞鐨勯噸瑕併
涓鐩翠互鏉ユ嫢鏈夊ぇ鐧藉厰鍝佺墝鐨勫啝鐢熷洯鍗存病鏈夋帹鍑洪洩緋曡繖涓鍗曞搧錛屼篃璁告槸娌℃湁鎵懼埌鍚堥傜殑濂戞満鍚с
姝ゆ″厜鏄庝鉤涓氭惡鎵嬪啝鐢熷洯鎺ㄥ嚭鐨勫ぇ鐧藉厰闆緋曞彲璋撴槸絎涓嬈鋸滃畼鏂瑰嚭鍝併佽緇熺函姝 鈥濈殑澶х櫧鍏斿ザ緋栭庡懗鍐板搧銆備綘灝嗕細鐪嬪埌涓涓鏀懼ぇ鍒板嶮鍊嶇殑澶х櫧鍏斿ザ緋栵紝騫朵笖澶х櫧鍏旈洩緋曞彧浼氬湪涓婃搗鍜屾︽眽涓ゅ湴鏈鍏堝彂鍞銆
鍏夋槑澶х櫧鍏旈洩緋曪紝淇濈暀緇忓吀閱囬欏ぇ鐧藉厰鐨勨滃ザ鍛斥濆啀鍔犱笂鍐扮埥鍙ｆ劅錛屼竴緇忎笂甯傦紝渚垮紩鏉ヤ紬浜虹殑鐑鐑堟㈣繋錛屾垚涓哄喎楗鐣岀垎綰㈠啺鍝併傚啺綰峰ザ瓚ｄ即闅忕潃鍎挎椂鐨勮板繂錛屼竴鍙ｄ竴涓鍐扮朝婊嬪懗錛岃╀綘浠婂忚繃瓚蟲涔愮殑濂芥椂鍏夈
浠1959騫磋嚦浠婏紝澶х櫧鍏斿ザ緋栧凡緇忔垚鍔熺殑鎵撳姩浜嗗嚑浠ｅ浗浜虹殑蹇冿紝騫朵笖緇忎箙涓嶈「銆傛垜鎯抽櫎浜嗗搧鐗岃嚜韜鐨勫畬澶囦互澶栵紝涔熸敞閲嶄簡浜у搧鐨勮川閲忎笌綆＄悊銆傛病鏈夊洜涓烘椂闂寸殑鎺ㄧЩ錛岃屽噺灝戝瑰伐鑹烘妧鏈鐨勮佹眰銆傜浉鍙嶏紝鍦ㄥ競鍦烘敼鍙樼殑鍚屾椂涔熷強鏃舵壄杞鏂瑰悜錛屾洿鏂伴厤鏂瑰強鍖呰咃紝浜у搧鐨勫崟涓鍒版嫇灞曟柊鍝佺嶇被銆備竴姝ユョ殑鍔鍔涳紝鎵嶅緱浠ョǔ鍥哄湪甯傚満鐨勫湴浣嶃
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